Meanwhile, more time is devoted to food crop farming. This matter
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less attention and outpouring of time, b). Feed technology in its application
requires materials and tools, as in ammonia and silage requires
silos/places for storage, or other materials such as the addition of urea so that
result in additional costs. While other needs are still
require costs, especially household daily needs, c). less breeder
understand that feed technology can improve the quality of waste as feed
thereby increasing livestock productivity. Without doing feed technology
Even so, the waste can still be consumed by livestock.
The results of the application of rice straw processing technology through fermentation technology
generally showed an increase in the quality of rice straw after
touch processing technology. Fermented rice straw quality shows
that the crude protein quality of fermented rice straw (9,17%). experience
increased and significantly different from that of unfermented rice straw (4.12%).
The crude protein content of fermented rice straw increased and was followed by
with a decrease in crude fiber content before fermentation 41.23%, and after
fermentation 34.25% (Syamsu et al (2013).
Syamsu et al. (2006) stated that microbial starter containing
proteolytic microbes that produce protease enzymes can break down proteins
into polypeptides which are further converted into simple peptides. For fiber composition
rice straw without fermentation was significantly higher than rice straw that had been
fermented. The use of microbial starter reduces the cell wall content (NDF) of straw
Paddy. Thus it can be presumed that during fermentation there is a bond breaking
lignocellulose and hemicellulose of rice straw. Lignolytic microbes in microbial starter
help reshuffle the lignocellulosic bonds so that cellulose and lignin can be released
of the bond by the enzyme lignase. This phenomenon is seen by decreasing
cellulose and lignin content of fermented rice straw. Decreased levels of lignin
showed that during fermentation, the lignin and hemicellulose bonds were broken down.
Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Feed Through the Integration Pattern of Rice Cattle
Agriculture which includes the food crop sector and the livestock sector
is an integrated unit where the two will not be separated and
complete each other. Efforts to combine cattle with rice plants will bring positive impact of cultivation, social and economic, namely livestock cultivation is increasing
efficient with the availability of feed that can be done continuously and
sustainable (Diwyanto and Haryanto. 2001). In addition, the social problems that
occurs due to rice waste in the form of rice straw, and livestock waste in the form of livestock manure
which has been causing pollution can be overcome into a useful product
into fertilizer and feed, as well as bringing a good impact on the economy of farmers
resulting in business efficiency.
The rice and cattle integration system provides economic and financial benefits
more optimal use of resources. To apply this integration pattern
minimum knowledge and skills of breeders are required in the application
biogas technology, fertilizer processing, and processing rice straw as feed
(Syamsu, 2007). The results of research by Syamsu et al (2003), reported that waste
Agriculture has considerable potential as a source of animal feed. Amount
agricultural waste production in Indonesia is 51.546297.3 tons with a production of
the largest is rice straw as much as 44,229,343.0 tons of dry matter or 85.81% of
all agricultural waste production (food crops). Based on TDN production
agricultural waste can provide feed for 14,750,777.1 ST (livestock unit),
so with the current population of ruminants 11,995,340 ST still
it is possible to increase the population of ruminants by 2,755,437.1 ST
or 18.68%. On the other hand, the Directorate General of Livestock (2007) stated that
based on the livestock population in Indonesia which consists of large ruminants
as many as 13,680,000 heads, small ruminants 21,688,000 heads, non-ruminants
7,001,000 head and 1,283,164,000 poultry can be produced fresh manure
(KTS) as much as 80,194,166 tons and when processed it produces organic fertilizer
as much as 32 million tons.
Seeing the potential for rice straw and livestock manure waste, which is quite large, such as
described above, the integration of beef cattle and rice is a solution to
solve various problems and in line with the concept of agricultural development
sustainable. The integration of beef cattle and rice which aims to increase
production of each commodity and save on the use of expensive external inputs
and damage the environment. Therefore, efforts to utilize resources are needed
The existing waste is rice straw and livestock manure in order to have added value
through processing technology innovation and can contribute to the increasing farm productivity. Thus the integration of cattle with rice
is expected to be one way out in an effort to maintain
sustainable agriculture at the same time
consider environmentally friendly aspects (enviromentally tolerable),
socially acceptable, economically feasible
feasible).
The results of research by Syamsu, et al (2013) show that the sustainability status of
multidimensionally produces a sustainability index value of beef cattle integration and
rice with technological innovation of rice straw processing as feed, livestock manure
as fertilizer and biogas carried out by farmers in rural areas
produces an index value of 46.12 (less sustainable). To increase
sustainability status, it is necessary to make improvements to the sensitive attributes of
each dimension. Attributes that must be repaired each
dimension is an ecological dimension a). potential and carrying capacity of cattle waste, b).
potential and carrying capacity of rice straw, and c). management of cattle farming.
Economic dimension a). contribution of biogas livestock waste to fuel costs, b)
the number and ownership of paddy fields, and c). number and ownership of cattle, dimensions
social is a). level of willingness and motivation to use rice straw, b).
understanding of the impact of waste on the environment, and c) experience related to integration
beef cattle and rice, as well as technological dimensions a). processing facilities and infrastructure
biogas, b). fertilizer processing facilities and infrastructure, and c). technology application
processing cow waste as biogas.
Efforts to Disseminate Agricultural Waste as Feed
Dissemination or dissemination of research results and technological assessments
livestock such as feed processing technology from agricultural waste to users
or breeders, is an integral part of research and development activities
has been carried out through various activities depending on the goals and results
disseminated research. Research results can be in the form of technological components,
technology packages, formulas, data and information as well as alternative policy recommendations
agricultural development both at the central and regional levels. According to Adnyana
(1996), research results can be disseminated through communication media to
reach a wider target audience. Research results can be packaged into
extension materials and materials to be passed on to farmers. Dissemination of technology Agriculture can also be carried out through various activities, including: seminars, various
meeting, technology degree, or appreciation.
The activities of disseminating feed processing technology should be in
the context of consultative relations and collaboration with relevant agencies both in
provincial level with, district/city. Dissemination of technology results including technology
feed processing can be reached through: (a) Information technology gathering, (b)
Technology package application meeting, (c) Technology package degree, (d) Field meeting.
Programs and activities for disseminating research and assessment results in their implementation
in the field is not a separate program or stand alone, but rather
is an integral part of the research and assessment program
(Agricultural Research and Development Agency, 1999)
The form of agricultural waste feed technology dissemination activities can be carried out
with step a). Counseling, Training, Guidance, b). Plot demonstration, and c).
Project Pilots. Counseling in the form of delivering initial information about
existence of the technology. Explained the benefits and how to make or
feed processing. In addition, methods in the form of training can improve
dissemination of feed technology and can be well known by farmers if
manufacturing practice. While guidance is a continuation of
implementation of training/practice, namely providing guidance to farmers so that they can
perform the feed technology (assistance).
Plot demonstration was carried out by spreading the area of feed technology with
demonstration plot, namely by making a pilot of feed processing at the
breeder/location. With plot demonstrations, farmers are directly involved in starting
planning, implementation, and evaluation of implementation so that farmers will understand
well about how to process feed. The success of the plot demonstration is marked
in the presence of feed products produced and can be used as feed
cattle. If the plot demonstration goes well, it needs to be disseminated
feed technology to farmers/other locations and demonstration plot locations
previously became a place of learning for groups/breeders who were just about to
perform feed processing.
The implementation of the pilot project is the dissemination of feed technology through
pilot project activities are intended to touch/involve more farmers
rather than a demonstration plot. The pilot project was developed in a mass activity so that