One of the efforts to overcome the shortage of beef cattle feed in particular
grass or other forage is by utilizing agricultural waste
as feed. The development of beef cattle in an area must be done
to utilize agricultural waste considering the provision of grass and forage
others are very limited. Types of agricultural waste that can be used as a source
feed is food crop waste. Thus, it is necessary to identify and
an inventory of its potential and carrying capacity will then be mapped. If data
and this information can be obtained and can be updated every year, so the basics
to build a beef cattle feed information system can be done. Application
rice straw processing technology through fermentation technology in general
showed an increase in the quality of rice straw after touching
processing technology. The application of feed processing technology is one of the factors
determinant in increasing the utilization of food plant waste as feed.
Systematic steps in the application of feed technology can be carried out that
starting with counseling, guidance to farms, then doing
demonstration plots and development of pilot projects on people's farms.
preliminary
Building a farm is basically building human resources
so that livestock has a very big role in determining the future
nation. The future of the nation is greatly influenced by the level of quality of resources
humans, and this is determined by the level of food consumption, especially protein consumption
Animal origin from livestock include meat, milk, and eggs.
Thus, livestock is actually placed in the position, role and factors
determinant of the quality of human resources. It's no longer a farm that has been more
positioned as a sector that provides animal food products,
provide employment, increase people's income, and others. To
This requires a repositioning of the livestock development paradigm related to
role and function in national development. Observing the role of livestock in
development of human resources, then livestock should be a sector that
deserves serious attention and needs alignment.
One of the livestock as a producer of animal protein is beef cattle. Factor
determinant of the success of beef cattle business is the availability of feed in quantity,
continuous quality and availability. Forage is the main source of feed for
ruminant livestock, especially beef cattle so that in increasing livestock production
must be followed by the provision of adequate forage in quantity and quality
quality. Forages that are commonly given to beef cattle are:
grasses originating from pastures or grass gardens, moor,
maturation and roadside. Several obstacles in the provision of forage
such as the change in the function of the land that was previously a source of forage
feed into residential land, land for food crops and industrial plants
(Djajanegara, 1999). On the other hand, according to Kasryno and Syafa'at (2000) that
natural resources for animal husbandry in the form of grazing land in Indonesia
decreased by about 30%.
One of the efforts to overcome the shortage of grass or forage
Another way is to use agricultural waste as feed, so that
In the development of ruminants in an area, efforts must be made to
utilizing agricultural waste considering the provision of grass and forage
others are very limited. Types of agricultural waste that can be used as a source
feed is food crop waste such as rice straw, corn straw, soybean straw,
peanut straw, cassava shoots, and sweet potato straw. Some research results
This shows that agricultural waste has great potential as feed
ruminants. Agricultural waste originating from food crop waste is available
strongly influenced by the pattern of food crop farming in a region. This paper
describe the potential, utilization and dissemination and review the application of feed technology
agricultural waste, especially food crop waste as beef cattle feed in
people's farms.
Potential of Agricultural Waste as Beef Cattle Feed
To estimate the availability of agricultural waste feed resources
especially food crop waste in an area, it is necessary to identify and
an inventory of its potential and carrying capacity will then be mapped. A number of
The things that must be considered in carrying out this identification and mapping are:
agro-climate of the region, calendar of planting seasons, cropping patterns and their utilization,
so that the understanding of the availability of food plant waste is not only in terms of static but also dynamic in terms of space/region and time. If
This data and information can be obtained and can be updated every year, so the basics for building a beef cattle feed information system can be carried out.
To find out the production of food crop waste, a survey was carried out on a
region. The production of food crop waste is known by using samples
(tiles) for each food crop commodity, namely rice, corn, peanuts,
soybeans, sweet potatoes, cassava, green beans being harvested. Taking
samples to determine the production of food crop waste using samples
(tiles) with a size of 5 x 5 meters (25m2
) with several repetitions on
different stretches. Each food crop commodity (rice, corn, peanuts,
soybeans, sweet potatoes, cassava, green beans) which are tiled,
the waste is collected and the fresh weight is weighed so that the production is known
each food crop waste (kg/25m2
). Subsequently, samples were taken in
fresh condition and dried in the oven at 60oC, then weighed to
determine dry weight. The difference between dry and fresh weight of the sample as a percentage
water weight. Air dry samples are ground for chemical analysis for quality
food crop waste.
As one illustration, the results of research by Syamsuet al (2010) which
carried out in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, shows that
The production of food crop waste is largely determined by the size of the harvested area of each commodity planted in the area. Production of dry matter from
food crop waste in Pinrang Regency as much as 587,874 tons, with a production of
the highest was rice straw (509,343 tons), followed by corn straw (74,803 tons),
soybean (1,198 tons), cassava shoots (1,039 tons), mung bean straw (702 tons), straw
peanuts (441 tons) and sweet potato straw (347 tons). Based on production
Based on this, the carrying capacity of food plant waste is calculated as a
the ability of an area to produce or provide feed in the form of waste
food crops that can accommodate the needs of a number of cattle population
cut without going through processing. Food crop waste is able to provide
source of feed for beef cattle in Pinrang Regency based on carrying capacity
dry matter of 257,839 ST. Thus, it can be stated that the potential
food crop waste production can provide feed for livestock needs
beef cattle based on the calculation of dry matter requirements of 257,839 ST. The potential is large enough to be used as a source of animal feed
beef cattle in Pinrang Regency. Based on the carrying capacity of waste dry matter
food crops, indicating that rice straw is a food crop waste
which has the highest carrying capacity (223,396 ST) compared to plant waste
other food. The high carrying capacity of rice straw is due to
the high production of rice straw, causing the carrying capacity as a source of
feed is also high.
Application of Feed Technology in People's Farms
Syamsu et al (2013) stated that the farmer's perception of the utilization of
and knowledge of rice straw processing technology as beef cattle feed
showed that as many as 56.6% of respondent farmers considered rice straw not
pollute the environment, and rice straw can be used as animal feed
(43.4), and composting materials (15.8%). However, there are still many
farmers who burn rice straw in the fields after harvest (40.8%).
Based on technological knowledge, in general, respondent farmers already know
hay processing/drying technology, ammoniation technology and fermentation technology
rice straw. Hay technology is the technology with the most respondents
know it, which is 55.3%, then ammonia technology 43.4%, and technology
rice straw fermentation 27.6%. Thus, efforts to increase knowledge and
skills of farmers on feed processing technology still need to be improved,
by overcoming the problems faced by farmers in feed processing.
Generally, farmers burn food crop waste, especially rice straw
because soon the land will be processed for replanting
especially in irrigated (intensive) rice fields with more than one cropping pattern
in a year. In addition, food crop waste is kamba, which makes it difficult
farmers to transport large quantities to feed livestock, and
Generally, agricultural land is far from ranch settlements, so it costs money
in transportation, as well as the unavailability of a plant waste storage area
food (Syamsu (2007). Furthermore, several reasons are explained
the cause of feed technology is not implemented by farmers, because there are still many
farmers who think that feed technology is considered ineffective for
implemented because it requires an outpouring of time (wasting time), such as
in collecting and transporting waste, as well as in the manufacturing process.